Lesson Plan for PPP lesson plan for teaching Essay Example

Exercise Plan for PPP exercise plan for educating Paper Gathering action with a ball around. Instructor presents circumstance I. E study hall and tosses ball to an understudy. Understudy who gets ball states something they are permitted/not permitted to do, l cannot talk over the educator Introduces idea of can/cant giving understudy chance to utilize the term can/cant on the off chance that they know it. This would be a controlled action. For a lead in you have to make intrigue and laid everything out. They wont have the option to go straight into an action utilizing the TTL until after o have instructed it. We will compose a custom exposition test on Lesson Plan for PPP exercise plan for instructing explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Lesson Plan for PPP exercise plan for instructing explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Lesson Plan for PPP exercise plan for instructing explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Additionally this is an inappropriate utilization of the TTL rules/authorization. You should adhere to capacities dependent on abilities. Introduction: Introduce importance structure ready. Understudies are perceiving meaning, utilization. Present language through slideshows Sam the canine. Sam is appeared on slide show I. E skiing, strolling and so on. Understudies answer if Sam can/cant do every action I. E Sam cannot ski, After the sentence is appeared on slideshows, understudies rehash. Understudies can outwardly append words to circumstances reiteration permits elocution responsive. Controlled: Introduce Emily Cams proprietor. Understudies requested to finish a composed movement two by two They answer valid/bogus inquiries regarding things Emily Sam can/cant do. Criticism. Administrative work: total a hole fill exercise, Sam and Emily day with can/cant. Instructor audit understudies learning. Free Play valid/bogus game. Sides of the homeroom are valid/bogus The educator states various instances of what Sam can/cant do. Understudies rush to the right side.

6 Practical Steps to Building a Professional Handshake

6 Practical Steps to Building a Professional Handshake Keep in mind the significance of a decent handshake. Fortune 500 CEOs have even conceded that, given two indistinguishably qualified competitors, they’re bound to give the activity to the one with the better handshake. How would you make yours work for you?1. Get your hands ready.Make sure your correct hand is free in circumstances where you’re prone to need to shake hands. This is a strange detail, however significant particularly if you’ve been grasping a virus drink, which may make your handshake cold and sticky! What's more, indeed, you should utilize your correct hand. That’s the custom, and it stays away from bunches of ungainly bumbling. Likewise, it ought to abandon saying, ensure your hands are clean.2. Focus on the web.You don’t need to just get the person’s fingers, yet you likewise don’t need to attempt to swallow their wrist with your hand either. Plan to contact the web between your thumb and index finger to the web bet ween their thumb and pointer. Don’t go excessively hard, however you should rehearse enough on yourself to get a feeling of how it feels when you hit the privilege spot.3. Limit the pressure.Yes, you do needâ pressure. Firm weight. Be that as it may, not very firm. Also, don’t squeeze. Don’t pulverize any bones. Butâ definitely don’t decide in favor of not pressing enough-there’s nothing more awful than a limp handshake.4. Make eye contact.Look your handshake accomplice straight in the eye, which rouses trust. It’s a pleasant touch to rehash the name of the individual you’re being acquainted with while you’re shaking-â€Å"Nice to meet you, Bob!†5. Project confidence.Whatever you do, don’t alarm. You need to be the cool and gathered gathering here. Act sure and nobody will know you’re covertly focusing on their web. A decent stunt to show your balance is to offer your hand first.6. Realize when to let g o.People who wait excessively long in a handshake can be viewed as dreadful or tenacious. Get in there, hold with the perfect measure of immovability, shake once, at that point let proceed to continue ahead with the trade. When you get the equalization right, you’ll be always appreciative that you did.

College Essay Examples for Cornell TKG

College Essay Examples for Cornell In this blog post, we take a deep-dive into the Why Cornell essay. The good news is, there is a formula to crack. There are several key points students should hit in reaching their overall objective of persuading the admissions committee that they are qualified to pursue their intended area of study.   Area of Study The first component should be about your intended area of interest and what experiences influenced your decision to pursue that major. One note: Some of you don’t know what you want to study. DO NOT, UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES, SAY YOU ARE UNDECIDED. This essay is not binding. No one is going to hunt you down on your first day of school and make sure you declare a major. So, do yourself a favor and write about the area of study you are, at this point, most likely to pursue.Craft A Narrative One of our students was a life-long, avid baseball fan. He began his essay by talking about how he used to track the stats of various Yankees players, from Bob Nightingale to Buster Oln ey. He ultimately realized that the ways in which reporters framed sports stories informed his views on the sport. He also began to admire people who could tell a gripping story related to the typically drab topic of sports data. As such, he decided to pursue a communications major at Cornell. This story works because it’s relatable. Sometimes kids try to use the essay to get ~profound~. They talk about a tragedy or a revelatory, life-altering moment in their essay and it misses the mark. We don’t mean to undermine the significance of important memories in your life, but not all anecdotes serve the purpose you want them to.  Your objective should be to connect with the admissions committee. That might sound like a difficult task, granted you don’t know your audience personally. As such, you want to humanize yourself as best you can. Stories like lighthearted displays of passion from your youth are a great way to go. Most people can relate.  Weaving in Extra-Curriculars Next , you should aim to highlight evidence of relevant demonstrated interest. Your essays should not replicate any other part of your application. It should provide new information. Since your extra-curriculars are already on your resume, you don’t want to spend too much time discussing them here. The admissions committee gets it. The extra-curriculars should be a vehicle to connect yourself to the sphere of study at the university.  Our baseball student wrote that he attended the “Wharton Sports Business Academy at the University of Pennsylvania, where I learned many of the fundamental facets of the business of sports, and developed my goal of working in sports media.” Obviously, this information was also present on his resume. So, this sentence really served the function of a transition into the next paragraph and a reminder to the reader that he is qualified by years of experience to pursue his intended major.  Why Cornell’s Major The majority of your essay--your focal poin t-- should be about what Cornell has to offer and why you are interested in it. Spend time researching majors at the school. Dive deeply into class curricula, professors, research projects, notable alumni, and any other ancillary information related to the topic. Choose a few very specific academic elements that relate directly to your interest in pursuing your major. Talk about a specific class you would like to take, what skills you have to cultivate in that class, and how those skills fulfill your interest. Discuss academic research that interests you and achievements of the faculty you respect.Then, in a short paragraph, discuss a subset of classes from another disciple that might help you in your academic pursuit. So, if you’re like our student who loved baseball, perhaps the majority of your essay will be about why you want to pursue a communications major with a focus in sports reporting. A secondary paragraph might also speak to your interest in taking classes at the Busin ess School so you can gain better insight into the operational and financial happenings within the world of sports.  Need help building an impressive resume? Reach out to use here.

The Price is Right Essay examples - 942 Words

In the world of medicine there has been many new discoveries and innovations. Yet, it seems like the government is focusing on the wrong problems. One major problem deals with organ donations, and there is always a recurring question; should the family of the donor be compensated? Each patient unfortunately becomes an insignificant statistic joining the lines of hopeless patients who wait in line on the organ transplant list. The scarcity of transplant organs in the United States is accredited to many reasons: the unwillingness of families to approve donation after the donors death, even if the patient has wished to do so; religious objections; disinclination of medical personnel to approach families after the death; and the crookedness of†¦show more content†¦306) â€Å"†¦the National Organ Transplant Act (Public Law 98-507, amended by Public Laws NO. 100-607 and 101-616), passed in 1984, made it illegal to buy and sell organs†¦. Congress passed this law because it was concerned that traffic in organs might lead to inequitable access to donor organs with the wealthy having an unfair advantage. (Even with the ban, the wealthy have an advantage in being able to pay for the transplant and the necessary post-transplant supportive services, and thus are more likely to be accepted for a waiting list.)† (p. 307 and Gill, et.al. p. 308). The question remains, should we get compensated for a good deed, or does that contradict the whole reasoning. Yet, the doctors get paid by the families of those who need the organs, is this wrong too? Maybe everyone should get thier fair share. Maybe the hospitals should pay the donors family, have the patient pay the hospital for the needed organ. This could help pay for funeral costs, hospital costs, and much more. The patients needing the organs pay a bundle to prolong a love ones life, so why not give back to the family of who made it possible? A number of surveys have suggested that offering financial incentives for organ donation could increase the number of organ donors; Finding out those who were surveyed said they were in fact more likely to donate their organs with financial incentives. Patients awaiting their needed organ mayShow MoreRelatedEssay On If The Price Is Right1011 Words   |  5 PagesIf the Price is Right -- Valuing your Business If a man comes up to you and asks â€Å"How much are you worth?†, you may think twice before you provide him with an answer. It could be either because you are trying to figure out if the guy was a wacko, or because you are trying to compute your value based on your assets and liabilities. What if someone asks you what your business is worth? Surely you won’t be going around asking for the properties and debts of each of your employees? In the humdrum ofRead MorePrice Objections: Convincing Customers to Pay the Right Price1253 Words   |  6 Pagesusing a low-price strategy. If a buyer raises a price-based objection, what would you say to convince him that your price is appropriate? Price objections are one of the biggest obstacles salespeople have to conquer. There are two important points to keep in mind concerning price resistance. First, it is one of the most common buyer concerns in the field of selling. A salesperson must learn to negotiate skillfully in this area. Secondly, price objections may be nothing than an excuse. Price can be aRead MoreWrite Gore For The Right Price ! Tips For Writing Low Budget Horror Movies873 Words   |  4 PagesWrite Gore for the Right Price! Tips for writing low budget horror movies. Horror legends John Carpenter, George Romero, Eli Roth, and David Cronenberg, scared their way up the Hollywood ladder by writing, directing, and producing low budget horror movies. The horror genre can launch your career to if you can write gore for the right price! The coveted low-budget horror movie script is the holy grail of Hollywood. These movies are cheap to make and come with a with a built-in fan base makingRead More. If You Purchased a New Model of a Digital Camera Right After It Is Released, You Will Likely Pay More Than If You Purchase It Six Months After Release. Explain Why This Is an Example of Price Discrimination on the Part of the Firm.4370 Words   |  18 Pagesother local residents) and visitors to your town. Devise a price discrimination strategy that will increase your revenues compared to a single-pricing strategy.2.   Suppose the cable TV industry is currently unregulated. However, due to complaints from consumers that the price of cable TV is too high, the legislature is considering placing a price ceiling on cable TV below the current equilibrium price. If the government does make this price ceiling law, diagram and explain the effects with supply andRead MoreArundel Partners1040 Words   |  5 PagesArundel Partner s 15.415 Finance Theory Section B, Oysters Arundel Partners: The Sequel Project With the purchase of sequel rights, what Arundel is achieving is to have a call option on the revenue that each movie brings. This helps to remove the uncertainty and risks associated with producing a movie, especially with regard to moviegoers’ taste. With the sequel right, Arundel will only exercise this option to produce a sequel if the first movie proved to be popular and the sequel is hence predictedRead More1. Discuss the Parameters and Ten ‘R’’S of Purchasing.828 Words   |  4 Pagesdependent on the procurement of raw materials of right quality, in the right quantities, from right source, at the right time and at right price popularly known as ten ‘R’s’of the art of efficient purchasing. They are described as the basic principles of purchasing. There are other well known parameters such as right contractual terms, right material,right place, right mode of transportation and right attitude are also considered for purchasing. 1.Right price: It is the primary concern of any manufacturingRead MoreHomework780 Words   |  4 Pagesdiagram to show the expected effects on the equilibrium price level and the level of real output. Aggregate demand is a schedule or curve that shows the total quantity of goods and services demanded at different price levels. Aggregate supply is a schedule or curve that shows the total quantity of goods and services produced at different price levels. a. a reduction in the economy’s real interest rate. AD curve would shift to the right, an increase in aggregate demand. b. A major increaseRead MoreMcmansion Pty Ltd Is A Housing Construction Business That1024 Words   |  5 Pagesan increase in the demand of houses leads to a right shift in the demand curve. Population growth: Not very long ago, Victoria has experienced an increase in population growth due to overseas migration and birth rate; leading to a higher demand for houses and this result also leads to an increase in housing price. Victoria s population grew by 2 per cent or 110,500 people to the year ending September 2013 (ABS, 2014). This therefore leads to a right shift in the demand curve. Preferences: AustralianRead MoreDemand and Quantity Demanded1246 Words   |  5 Pageshas increased the sugar subsidy due to higher world prices, but not because of an impending general election. Government had no choice but must increase the sugar subsidy to prevent the rakyat from absorbing the higher cost. If sugar prices are increased, it will cost a domino effect on all good prices. Supply is defined as amount of producers willing and able to sell at a given price. There is a direct/ positive relationship between price and quantity supplied. Positive relationship means thatRead MoreCoca Cola Supply Chain Management1425 Words   |  6 Pagesnegotiate the price or the order. The result is receiving the requirements, goods or services. The final stage is the payment procedure in which will either be in check or cash. â€Å"To acquire the right quality material, at the right quantity, from the right source, at the right price.† - Baily 2005 Our aim is to the theory or definition of purchasing which are six rights can impact on coca cola as the key official supplier to the 2012 Olympics. We’re going to cover each of the six rights which are:

Why I Should Replace Their Textbooks With A Tablet

At a glance, it is clear that tablets can pack in more learning materials than textbooks, yet not everyone has made the switch. On the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) survey it showed 81% of K-12 teachers believe that tablets enrich classroom education. and also concluded that 77% of teachers found technology to increase student motivation to learn. (Technology Now 32). We are in the twenty-first century, using technology is almost a must on an everyday bases. Therefore, students who want to succeed should replace their textbooks with a tablet because they help prevent chronic backpain, are more cost efficient, and easier to access than textbooks. To kick things off, Back pain is pervasive among American adults, but a new and disturbing trend is emerging. Young children are suffering from back pain much earlier than previous generations, and the use of overweight backpacks is a contributing factor, according to the American Chiropractic Association (ACA). In fact, the â€Å"U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission reports that backpack-related injuries sent more than 7,000 people to the emergency room in 2001 alone.† that’s insane (â€Å"ACA†). Most tablets today are manufactured with memories between 8GB and 64GB, which can hold hundreds of thousands of textbooks. More than any heavy school bag could. Not to mention many of these gadgets also come with expanded memory capabilities, which can double hard disk spaces. This means a single tablet is more than capable for holding allShow MoreRelatedAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Textbooks In K-12 Schools1216 Words   |  5 Pagessociety, tablets have dominate d computers and laptops in the workforce and textbooks in some schools in the United States. As tablets are becoming more prevalent, a debate has been established regarding whether K-12 school districts should switch from print textbooks to digital textbooks on tablets in the classroom. In definition, a tablet is a handheld computer, but they are usually much bigger than a cell phone. There are many reasons why school districts may or may not replace digital textbooks or tabletsRead MoreEssay on Should Tablets Replace the Use of Textbooks in Schools?1674 Words   |  7 Pages Draft 1 Assignment 5 Tablets are becoming a big hit in the industry nowadays. A tablet pc is a device that is like a hand held computer. Tablets have a touch screen function or a pen-enabled interface. Tablet application also entertains the users like playing games, photography, video taking, music and many more. Because the tablet has many functions, it would be a great help in school and at work. This device will act as a substitute to the required needs of a student in school. Tables applicationRead MoreEssay On Tablets1036 Words   |  5 PagesA Sign of the New Age: The Implementation of Tablets in Classrooms In a scenario akin to when the spread of books was first introduced and to when the internet was popularized and replaced our â€Å"traditional† means of media and communication, we are seeing an opposition to a new integration as our changing world progresses. In schools all around America, tablets are being implemented in classrooms to phase out and replace traditional textbooks. As with every new, â€Å"radical† revolution of a symbol ofRead MoreTablets Vs. Textbooks 1415 Words   |  6 Pageswhile in a classroom setting. Tablets such as the iPad and the Microsoft surface have made this idea possible, showing students that there is another alternative to the traditional method which would be a printed version of the textbook. Tablets are portable computers that use a touchscreen as its primary input device, meaning that both keyboard and mouse are both physically located on the screen. Early Tablets were built to be used with a pen, today however tablets can be used with just one fingerRead MoreImpact Of Technology On The Classroom1118 Words   |  5 Pages is that it is too expensive. Technology should be used, to a certain extent, because technology is more interactive for students and they learn more efficiently using it. Should technology be used in the classroom? My opinion on the debate is yes. I think this because there are many positive and negative uses of technology to further education. One example is that nowadays we are consumed by technology, making us progress as individuals, so why should we not use it in education? The main problemRead MoreE-Textbook: A Better Way in K-12 Class Teaching Essay1211 Words   |  5 PagesE-Textbook: A Better Way in K-12 Class Teaching From carving in bone and shells to the invention of paper, from printing on papers to publishing books on the Internet, the bases for writing have been changed for many centuries. Likewise, since the late 20th century, the teaching methods have also evolved from using only texts, images, and sound to multimedia. Nowadays, a new technology named electronic textbook (e-textbook), a digital form of textbook including color images, videos, and other functionsRead MoreIntegrating Technology into the Classroom Essays1551 Words   |  7 Pagesor suggest a new Hollywood movie. Now a days, this, along with many other advancements, can be a reality. Technology has added many benefits such as allowing students easy access to new information, offering a portable and affordable solution for textbooks and has even been known for grade improvement. Integrating technology into schools is a way to keep up with society and provide students with endless possibilities. However, many people believe t hat introducing children to technology is harmfulRead MoreThe Importance Of Technology784 Words   |  4 Pagesmore ignorant? As technology advances it becomes a part of people’s daily lives, and they don’t have to rely on their heads. People are relying on the internet rather than the hard copy books. Most people search up the quickest, simple answers, that’s why they don’t think critically. Technology is weakening people’s ability to think critically and engage in the process of learning, because technology is advancing, making everyone lives easier. ​To sum up todays generation, it is always about technologyRead MoreEssay On Moving Truck1744 Words   |  7 Pages Recently, my sister-in-law (Kandis) was moving and had reserved a moving truck from Budget to make the process easier. While the truck did in fact make the move easier, the process of getting the truck was anything but simple. I accompanied Kandis to the Budget Truck Rental lot in Orem, UT where she had re-served a 12 foot truck for pick-up at 9:00 am. When we arrived at about 9:20, there were three Budget em-ployees behind the counter and we could visibly see three computer monitors on the counterRead MoreTechnology and the Positive Affect in the Classroom Essay examples1767 Words   |  8 Pagesteaching in a positive way or may have completely failed and were eliminated. Technology, which has been flourishing since even before the turn of the century, has clearly demonstrated that human life will never exist without it again and that is exactly why educato rs have the opportunity to enhance their teaching styles and expand the minds of their pupils. The use of technology in the classroom is rather beneficial in elementary classrooms due to the way children are growing up today, at college level

Using Close Reading to Improve Critical Thinking Skills A...

Objectives In producing my project my objectives are: †¢ To integrate close reading strategies with the literacy/science curriculum to improve critical thinking outcomes with a group of 45 kindergarteners in a medium sized suburban kindergarten classroom †¢ To determine if using close reading can help close the increasing achievement gap between kindergarten and first grade Hispanic and non-Hispanic learners †¢ To develop a variety of close reading activities that can be used in kindergarten and first grade classes †¢ To share my knowledge and results with colleagues at my school Project Description My project has been to investigate how to implement close reading strategies as a means to develop critical thinking skills starting in†¦show more content†¦I will share my lesson plans and knowledge of close reading with my colleagues as part of professional development. Project Schedule The following timeline was used as a guide to the development of my project: Tracking Plan APRIL May June September Research Phase Design Phase Presentation Phase †¢ Assess student performance on state testing (analyze Illinois State Report card, look at demographics, achievement gap) †¢ Needs assessment of diverse learners (how do their needs differ? does close reading contrast with ELL strategies?, best practices) †¢ Research on close reading strategies (what research has been done, what can be implemented in a kindergarten classroom with nonreaders) †¢ Implementation of close reading strategies in the classroom †¢ Use of teacher developed materials †¢ Collaboration with Reading Specialist †¢ Data collection, analysis †¢ Professional development to share results †¢ Implementation of year long close reading in the kindergarten classroom (about one per theme) Key Decisions †¢ Close reading effective in developing critical thinking skills †¢ Meeting the needs of diverse learners †¢ How to implement close reading in the kindergarten classroom †¢ Data collection/results †¢ Method of professionalShow MoreRelatedWhy Is Literacy Is A Secondary Goal?1388 Words   |  6 Pagessecondary goal; it means that STEM concepts are integrated into the literacy equation for our students. Literacy encompasses three components for students; Reading Workshop, English Language Arts (ELA) and Writing. These subjects will be taught as a block, particularly in the early grades when students are progressing from learning to read, to reading to learn, so that students have more opportunities to link the concepts together. One of the key characteristics that sets high progress classrooms apartRead MoreTesting Is Taking Away From Learning Time1457 Words   |  6 Pagesassessments are suppose to make sure that students know the minimal state standards. These test have created problems. Many teachers are teaching to test. If students don’t do well, students can be held back, teachers can be fired, and schools can even close. When schools do well, they are rewarded with bonuses. Some of the challenges for preparing for these test is technology. These test are given on computers, and the computers must be up to date, or they will not be compatible with the program. TheRead MoreTesting Is Taking Away From Learning Time1457 Words   |  6 Pagesassessments are supposed to make sure that students know the minimal state standards. These tests have created problems. Many teachers are teaching to test. If students don’t do well, students can be held back, teachers can be fired, and schools can even close. When schools do well, they are rewarded with bonuses. Some of the challenges of preparing for these tests is technology. These tests are given on computers, and the computers must be up to date, or they will not be compatible with the program. TheRead MoreNo Child Left Behind Standardization1608 Words   |  7 Pagestest score, and that they should not be assessed based on them alone. When teachers feel pressure to perform well on district tests, but feel powerless to influence their students in the classroom, some may resort to undesirable means in order to improve their assessment. Frank Ohemeng and McCall-Thomas, professors at University of Ottawa, studied teachers in district schools and found that many of them were involved in some sort of undesirable behavior in relation to improving test scores. TeachersRead MoreThe Learning Return on Our Educational Technology Investment1596 Words   |  7 Pagesare adjusted accordingly. Several studies have yielded positive results using technology in this manner. Students in Project CHILD had higher grade-point averages and higher standardized test scores. (Butzin, 2000, p. 3) Algebra students had improved retention as well as improved attendance. In my own school where we have been using Scholastic Read 180, students in the program have shown a marked improvement in reading comprehension. Because we are a Title I school, we also have been providedRead MoreReading The Book Real Essays With Readings 4th Edition By Susan Anker1741 Words   |  7 PagesThis semester our class is reading the book titled, Real Essays with Readings 4th Edition by Susan Anker. This book will help college students with writing for Success in College, Work, and Everyday Life. I do highly recommend this school book for other College or High School students that would like help with writing or reading. It will help many students in which case they cannot read or write well. The book can be found in your local bookstore or even at your town library. The first part of theRead MoreEssay about The No Child Left Behind Act of 20013306 Words   |  14 Pagesachieve success in school (Editorial Projects in Education Research Center, 2011) The components of The No Child Left Behind included annual testing, academic progress, report cards, teacher qualifications, and funding changes. These measures were â€Å"designed to drive broad gains in student achievement and to hold states and schools more accountable for student progress† (Editorial Projects in Education Research Center, 2011, para. 3). NCLB also promised to close the achievement gap and increase studentRead MoreUnderstanding 21st Century Skills† in English Language Classrooms3761 Words   |  16 PagesUnderstanding 21st Century Skills† in English Language Classrooms In an increasingly complex, demanding and competitive world, students need to go beyond the traditional 3Rs and embrace the 4Cs – communication, collaboration, critical thinking and creativity. This is the view of the 21st century Skills movement which is helping to redefine the goals of general education for today’s world. â€Å"21st Century Skills† is commonly refers to a growing global movement for redefining the goals of educationRead MoreComm 215 Syllabus Essay1466 Words   |  6 Pages | Copyright  © 2010, 2009, 2008, 2007, 2006, 2005, 2004 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course covers the essential writing skills required for college-level coursework. Students will learn to distinguish between interpretive and analytical writing while using the writing process and specific rhetorical strategies to develop position and persuasion essays and a case study analysis, and learning teams will prepare an applied research paperRead MoreDesigning And Implementing Social Studies Instruction5967 Words   |  24 Pagesit is not part of the standardized testing that occurs nation wide. This course will explain the importance of social studies in children?s lives and how educators can successfully and efficiently integrate social studies into other content areas using multiple perspectives and trade books. Course Objectives: By the end of this unit, learners will be able to identify the benefits and challenges with standard-based education. By the end of this unit, learners will be able to identify the ten major

Vital Signs free essay sample

Her hands flew with precision, each movement carefully thought out. Her face was painted with frustration; this was her only means of communication, and I couldnt understand. I ducked my head in embarrassment and fetched a pen and notepad to explain to my best friends mom the reason for my visit. For five years this was the norm. Each time I entered the room, my mind flooded with guilt and anxiety. I always needed someone to interpret for me. Her daughter-in-law, even her grandchildren, wouldnt take the time to learn sign language, but I was not okay with being another person in her life who made her feel like an unimportant outcast. That night I kept seeing that look of alienation on her face, and I thought of nothing else for days. The next time I saw Cheryl, I refused to get the notepad or let my friend Sean interpret. We will write a custom essay sample on Vital Signs or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I had decided to learn, no matter what it took. The only signs I knew were the alphabet, but I could see the pleased glow on her face as I spelled out each word, letter by letter. I wondered how she felt knowing that someone cared enough to learn to communicate with her. Sean worked with me, spelling words to help me practice. He also showed me basic signs like â€Å"you,† â€Å"Mom,† â€Å"Dad,† â€Å"please,† and â€Å"thank you.† Sometimes I went to Seans house to watch his family converse. Id pick up new signs, but someone still had to help me. Other days I would sit with Cheryl for hours spelling words and she would teach me the corresponding signs. When I started this process I was excited to learn something new; I never fathomed how many opportunities would open up as a result, not to mention the close relationship I would develop with Cheryl. Within three weeks I had learned basic American Sign Language (ASL). I wasnt very good, but my effort and love for the language showed in each sign I mastered. I was so eager to put my new knowledge to use, I convinced my drama teacher to do a play in sign language. I would sign in my sleep. Random stuff, lines from the play, things I wanted to tell Cheryl, lyrics to songs, even things my English teacher said in class. I felt great about my progress – until I was with Cheryl. Then my hands would jumble up; it was embarrassing. In a group conversation everybody had to slow down and wait for me so I could understand. One night at dinner it clicked. Everyone was signing, and suddenly I could follow the conversation. As Sean lifted his hands to interpret for me, I could see disappointment in Cheryls eyes, but I didnt stop him. Cheryl slapped his hand, looked me in the eyes, and signed directly to me. She said that no one was allowed to interpret for me anymore. She knew my heart and how much I loved her culture. I left their house that night feeling very happy. I knew that ASL would be part of my life forever. About a month ago, Cheryl, Sean, my dad, and I took a trip to California State University, Northridge. As we sat in the office of the Deaf Studies student advisor, no one interpreted and I understood. He explained the education I would receive to become a sign language interpreter and how hed like me to start in an advanced ASL class. I left the university so excited. So many people miss out on getting to know people who are deaf because of their inability to communicate with them. Now I would be able to help. That night Cheryl and I sat in our hotel room; she reached out and signed with smiling eyes. Unlike the days in her living room with a notepad, I understood and signed back, â€Å"I love you, too!†

Mathematics Research free essay sample

Enterprise in education includes knowledge and understanding of the world of work and career planning and opportunities to engage in entrepreneurial activities, as well as the `development of enterprising attitudes and skills which enable young people to become successful learners, confident individuals, responsible citizens and effective contributors to society throughout life and at work, with an informed sense of their roles in the world. This has evolved from earlier definitions of enterprise education, which was commonly interpreted as enterprise activity. Pupils are also helped to develop those personal qualities and leadership skills essential for the world of work (Ramsey, 2004). Through enterprising activities in their mathematics experiences, both in and out of the classroom, they may be given opportunities to demonstrate leadership, initiative, determination, confidence and responsibility. Teaching entrepreneurship within mathematics can also develop positive attitudes to teamwork, to continuing education and training, to equal opportunities, and to the views, skills, capabilities and capacities of others. We will write a custom essay sample on Mathematics Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Enterprise activities with social goals, where outcomes not only benefit others but also encourage a sense of responsibility to the community and society as a whole, help young people to understand the connections between enterprise and active citizenship (Bouchhiki, 2003). It is undisputable that education is an arena of human life where virtually everyone believes they understand the problems and also know the solutions. Perhaps it is because we are all products of educational systems and reflect back on things we liked, those we didn’t, and changes that we believe would have mattered for us. We can also look beyond our own personal opinions to those of educational experts. Thus, this study will set out simple aims which are the concerned with the values on equipping students to meet the challenges of life, developing general knowledge and common sense, learning how to be discriminating in use of knowledge that is to know what knowledge is appropriate to use for what purposes, integrating what is learned with the whole being, arousing attention, and interest in the field of knowledge so it will be mastered in a worthy way. Further, there are also increasing numbers of individuals need to be able to think for themselves in a constantly changing environment, particularly as technology is making larger quantities of information easier to access and to manipulate. They also need to be able to adapt to unfamiliar or unpredictable situations more easily than people needed to in the past. Teaching mathematics in an entrepreneurial way encompasses skills and functions which are a part of everyday life like understanding economic indicators, understanding loan repayments, and calculating whether the cheapest item is the best buy. It is likewise practical to present a problem and develop the skills needed to solve that problem and is more motivational than teaching the skills without a context. It allows the students to see a reason for learning the mathematics, and hence to become more deeply involved in learning it. Teaching mathematics in a unique way can enhance logical reasoning, helping people to be able to decide what rule, if any, a situation requires, or if necessary to develop their own rules in a situation where an existing rule cannot be directly applied. Problem solving can also allow the whole person to develop by experiencing the full range of emotions associated with various stages of in real life situations and to find solutions in a practical way (Baum, 2001). With the above presentations, the researcher is motivated to conduct a study which relates to her field of specialization and of great importance to the holistic development of the young generation specifically in the aspect of decision making in order to survive in the world of recent economic problems. It is also her hopes and wishes that changes in mathematics effort can change the national education reform landscape and can provide something of lasting significance to be achieved to compete globally for talent and to attract and retain high-skills individuals to equally footing to other nationalities. Theoretical Framework This study was supported by several theories and concepts dealing with change and innovation, anchored instruction which is related to active learning, cognitive and efficacy beliefs, humanistic and positive self direction, social learning, teaching and learning entrepreneurship, innovative approaches in teaching and learning mathematics, contextual teaching and learning, and making mathematics instruction more exciting, interesting, attractive, and hopefully effective which are all efficacious to the present investigation. The following theories and concepts are: Change and Innovation by Gibb (2005), Anchored Instruction Approach by Robinson (2009), Cognitive Approach by Collins (2002), Humanistic Learning Theory by Gage Berliner (1986) as cited in Huitt (2001), Social Learning Theory by Bandura (1982 ) as cited in by Morris (2007), the Innovative Approaches in Teaching and Learning Mathematics by Huenda (1981) as cited in by Baratas (2009) Contextual Teaching and Learning (The Department of Mathematics Education, University of Georgia, 2001). Moreover, this study is also complemented with the five (5) tips to help make the mathematics instruction more exciting, interesting, attractive, and hopefully effective by Lidstone (2004). The theory of Gibb (2005) on Change and Innovation involves a process which develops individuals’ mindsets, behaviours, skills, and capabilities that can be applied to create value in a range of contexts and environments which link to the outline of learning the mathematics through the concept of enterprise and/or business thinking. He strongly suggests based upon his readings and actual observations and experiences that the aforesaid type of learning the subject is needed or essential in developing the qualities of mind for the 21st century. Learners of this century must have entrepreneurial attitudes as part of the learning process. It is where there is now considerable interest in governments are keen to develop the perceived economic potential of creative industries, innovation and creative thinking. It is also a thought that these are the areas where creativity and innovation will supply new products which are forecasted as the level where this potential can be nurtured and/or ‘harvested’ . Most universities have business ‘start up’ support either physical or mentored to develop students’ ideas to bring them ‘to market’. There has been some success with this type of initiative but it has not really reached its potential as it has tended to concentrate on the economic outcomes. In this theory of Gibb (2005), new ideas and practices in the internalization of the business related and/or enterprise approach in teaching mathematics are reassured to divert the monotonous traditional procedure in acquiring knowledge. He mentioned attributes of innovations and change: relative advantage, compatibility, and observability. Exhaustively enumerated, relative advantage is the degree to which an innovation is perceived as better than the idea it supersedes. The more the perceived advantage, the more likely innovations are to be adapted. Further, it is perceived by comparing the old way of doing things to the new way, which is particularly relevant to vary the teaching method so that it could be gauged based on the demand of time. In terms of teaching mathematics in the elementary level, varied techniques should be adapted by the teachers so that relative advantages of educating the learners can be attained. Mathematics teachers should be creative and sensitive to innovations, which are readily perceived to have an advantage and must surely jibe with the demands of the learners. As such, the Change and Innovation Theory can be summed up in adapting a change for the purpose of innovating the traditional practice of acquiring a certain discipline, but this should be carefully studied by the educational planners. If they can form a favorable impression, eventually to adapt and implement the innovation. Anchored Instruction Approach by Robinson (2009) focuses in the making of the learners engaged in the learning process by getting situated in the context. The context can be provided through images, pictures, animations, videos, realia, etc. In this direction, the use of the different search engines in the internet can become successful methodologies where the vast and dynamism of content availability in it can make the learners get involved in the subject of study. The sophistication available in the technology is that real world context or contexts can be created and provided as videos. Similarly, the availability of videos can be organized to suit to the classroom needs. In his contribution to the educational arena, Robbins (2009) emphasizes that teaching mathematics in an entrepreneurial way in the use of technology that surrounds us is one of the best ways to facilitate learning and not an ordinary learning but with concrete ideas and memory retention. Collins (2002) in his Cognitive Approach and Efficacy beliefs in learning mathematics stresses that considerable progress can be achieved in clarifying the growth of cognitive competencies and their use in adapting to and changing the environment. In his initial research, he verified that perceived efficacy beliefs contribute independently to intellectual performance rather than simply reflecting cognitive skills. The selected children who judged themselves to be of high or low efficacy at each of three levels of mathematical ability were then given difficult mathematical problems to solve. Within each level of ability, children who had the stronger belief in their efficacy were quicker to discard faulty strategies, solved more problems chose to rework more of those they failed, and did so more accurately than children of equal ability who doubted their efficacy. Childrens causal attributions for their academic successes and failures were unrelated to their mathematical performances. Efficacy beliefs predicted interest in, and positive attitudes toward, mathematics, whereas actual mathematical ability did not. As this study shows, students may perform poorly in entrepreneurial approach in teaching mathematics either because they lack the skills or because they have the skills but lack the perceived personal efficacy to make optimal use of them. It is therefore an encouragement to the part of the mentor to apply or use some innovative techniques to facilitate the learning of the novel modus operandi—the entrepreneurial skills, which is beneficial to the future livelihood undertakings of the learners. In the other aspect, the Humanistic Learning Theory which was adapted by Gage Berliner (1986) and as cited in by Huitt (2001), emphasizes the idea that acquiring knowledge from the mentors depend greatly on the art of teaching which has emotional value, more specifically on the methods, techniques, and strategies as tools in facilitating learning. In schools today, there are many different views on what is the best approach that educators should use to teach students. One important view to consider when deciding which approach to use is the humanistic view of education. The major focus of humanistic education is the development of the whole child (i. e. , the development of a student’s emotions, values, self-concept, goals, and needs. In the information age, the objectives of the humanistic theory are important in that they relate to the trends that are currently taking place in the workforce. However, the results of a meta-analysis demonstrate that the programs developed under the rubric of humanistic education did not achieve these objectives with students. As educators, they must analyze the importance of these objectives, describe why the results of the meta-analysis possibly occurred, and find possible solutions to the problems. The rise of humanistic learning theory in the 20th century with the original representative Rogers, who proposed that learning is self-realization, learners to learn the subject, must be respected, any normal learners able to educate themselves, interpersonal relationships is an important condition for effective learning. Computer, multimedia, Internet networking, communications, the use of Technology in the field of teaching for the integration of humanism and create the conditions for teaching thinking. The aforementioned ideology offers a wide range of learners and learning in the form of content-related phenomena, ideas, data and information, not directly or easily present conclusions, and leave room for the learners involved, leaving the learner self-modify, self-reflection, self-awareness and self-development space. These ideas are can be easily applied to the learners with the guidance and supervision of an experienced and exposed teacher to current trends in imparting knowledge to the learners. As the modern educational media to participate, forcing students to participate in learning, so that students from being passive to active, to develop good study habits. First, humanistic learning theory of meaning is based on humanistic psychology-based which means that learning is not a mechanical connection between the stimulus-response, but a meaningful mental process. Second, Humanistic Learning Theory has greater emphasis on emotional factors, emphasizing the emotional aspects of situations which advocates as much as possible directly into the study of the emotional world. In the teaching process, teachers must establish good relationships with learners to create a good learning atmosphere. Third, Humanistic learning theory focuses on the development of interest in learning, to satisfy the curiosity of the students of knowledge, it presents itself as an individual or activities of the things that the selective attitude and positive emotions. A n interest in art, his understanding of the activities will give priority to point to and art-related things, and show a positive emotional response. And this in the interest aroused after the learners to enable learners to maintain this focus, this also depends on keeping provided by modern education, media, situations change. Fourth, Humanistic learning theory assumes that students can be a result of open system, which emphasizes the main task of teaching to help students understand the constantly changing environment and their own, so that students based on their experiences in the world, from the complex facts and phenomena access to learning the specific knowledge and methods. In teaching, teachers give students to self-realization to provide a relatively free and relaxed learning environment and self-realization of the resources, students take the initiative to these modern education, media control, the use and selection approaches to enhance the intellectual capabilities of the students so as to achieve the spirit of Innovation and practical ability. Fifth, Humanistic learning theory is a self-development, even if the motivation from the outside, discovery, access, control, understand the feeling also comes from within. Themselves there is a need for self-realization, which constitute the motivation to learn, so this study is spontaneous, autonomous, self-conscious. The purpose of learning is to achieve self-learning process is the concept of people-oriented under the guidance of the students found that reveal themselves slowly and gradually move toward independence, toward the creation process. Themselves have a certain potential, our goal is to provide environment for these potentials can play only a learner teachers, a facilitator to help students self-realization. Thus, in teaching students to self-realization as much as possible to provide the learning space and environment to shape people. The Social Learning Theory by Bandura (1977) as cited in by Morris (2007) mentions a logical progression from the philosophy of pragmatism. The theory continues to identify that the learner is engaged in the social context as a â€Å"participating observer†. Thereby, the learner’s self-belief to perform or replicate specific tasks is influenced by the successful social behaviors and reinforcements that the role model (the entrepreneur) (Krumboltz, et al. 2006). The learner’s self belief is referred to as self-efficacy. According to Bandura, self-efficacy is intensified in the learner through any of four learning processes (listed from strongest influence to weakest): 1) The issue of teaching entrepreneurship is necessary to identify a learning theory that is determined by and remains consistent with the parameters of pragmatism. The th ree primary philosophical parameters, the view of the learner, the role of the teacher, and the type of learning, determine the learning theory. Although, the nature of the role of the pragmatic teacher is the same in nature as that of the learner, the pragmatic teacher is the facilitator/director of the becoming of the learner. The pragmatic teacher facilitates the experiences of the learner (Morris and Pai, 1999). Likewise, the learner facilitates the experiences of the teacher. Therefore, the learner and the teacher facilitate experiences for one another and are said to be co-investigators or co-learners in the field of entrepreneurship. Being the facilitator of the learner, the teacher has the opportunity to facilitate the learning by continuously introducing new experiences and thus the evolution of the truths and values of the next generation of entrepreneurs. The type of learning is therefore experientially based and continuous, thus, the learner is continuously revising and reconstructing experiences. Social Learning Theory according to Bandura proposes that learning occurs as a result of the learner observing the behaviors of others within a specified social context. Thereby, implying that in order for the learner to learn from the experiences of others, the learner must therefore, revise and reconstruct these observed experiences as they apply to the learner. Since this revising and reconstructing occur continuously sequential building of repeated successful performances; 2) the use of modeling through case studies and live role models; 3) feedback resulting from class discussions and specific feedback related to a specific performance; 4) self-assessment of capabilities through comparison of self to peers (Boyd and Vozikis, 2004). There is also a theory that presents learning mathematics in a Pinoy way. This is proof that Filipinos have contributions in the civilization of the world. This theory is known as Board Game Learning in Mathematics or the Damath. It comes from the Pinoy checker boardgame called â€Å"dama† and mathematics. It blends local culture, education and digital technology that aim to make math teaching and learning child-friendly, challenging and interactive. In its unique way, damath boardgame ushers the Filipino school kids into the new millennium by equipping them with competitive life-long learning for understanding and ICT-fluency skills. When school children play damath boardgame they also learn to explore, firm- up, deepen, and transfer to daily tasks the concepts of real numbers and its properties and operations. Moreover, it stimulates the children’s capability to think deeper through creative math storytelling, flowchart, concept map, tree diagram, picture riddle, haiku, cryptogram, secret code decoding, simulation, role playing, jingle or rap composing, reflection journal writing, and problem solving. This joyful and practical approach to contextualized teaching and learning math is the brainchild of 1981 presidential merit medal awardee teacher Jesus L. Huenda. As a public high school teacher in Sorsogon, Huenda always thinks of ways to optimize his talents to help others. This describes best this ordinary teacher who was cited by no less than the President of the Republic for his out-of-the-box â€Å"contribution in terms of innovative approaches in teaching and learning mathematics†. According to Huenda, this is how damath works: â€Å"I integrate some math concepts and numeracy skills in the indigenous boardgame of dama. In the 32 white squares (the other 32 alternately arranged squares are colored green) of the 88-square damath playing board, I put the symbols of mathematical operations like addition (+), subtraction (-), multiplication (? ) and division (? ). The 12 damath chips for each player are divided into two sets (blue and red chips): those with zero, and even numbers with positive sign (+); while odd numbers have negative (-) sign. The two playerstry to capture chips by adapting the existing dama rules to numeracy skills whichresult to higher positive points, while evading those with lower negative points. When the learners play damath, they aim to get higher point over the opponent. Capturing the opponent’s dama chips is strategically planned such that a player would target a chip representing high number. The game becomes a combination of strategic higher order thinking skills and basic mathematical operations. This strategy in teaching and learning math with Understanding by Desig n (UbD) framework has helped students look at Mathematics as a subject not so difficult to learn. Playing the electronic damath is also a contest on who gets the higher positive score which entails the use of the fundamental perations in math. â€Å"When students play the game, they tend to have deeper consciousness on the intricacies of the game. They get to consider every step that they make and how this can contribute to winning the game. In the process they develop analytical thinking skills,† Huenda explained. And there is no stopping Huenda from inventing edutainment games that teach students the basics in living such as entrepreneurship. Thus he came up with â€Å"entrepinoy damath,† a business venture game. Here, the fundamental operations of math and basic accounting are also used in the board game including debit and credit, simple bookkeeping, balance sheet and the like. The first set of damath chips represent rent, taxes, salaries, bonuses, discounts, cost price, and other operating expenses. The other half represents income like selling price, profit, savings, real property, building, equipment, etc. The game is played with the damath chips properly labeled: business expenses on one hand and business income on the other hand. The game is won by the one who has captured more chips representing incomes rather than expenses. With this learning for understanding approach, the learners are honed on strategic business models like the efficiency of incurring less cost in order to have more income. The learners also become conscious of effectively running a business venture,† Huenda explained. But in business as in life, the learners still have to be trained on values and ethics. So he came up with â€Å"damath de honor†. Here the damath pieces represent positive and negative Filipino ways including interpersonal relation, consumer protection, anti-corruption and red-tape practices. â€Å"Ipapakain mo ang negative values at makakaipon ka ng positive values. Dapat walang greed na siyang dahilan ng corruption at illegal business transaction,† he emphasized. Huenda opted to focus on educational technology innovations that will make a difference in basic education. The beneficiaries, no doubt, are the young school children who never imagined that the lowly boardgame of dama would ever play a significant role in their learning of life’s lessons. The Department of Mathematics Education, University of Georgia (2001) emphasizes that contextual teaching and learning involves both hands on learning and real world experiences. Contextual classrooms learn by doing. This allows students to understand the concepts more fully. It also takes the subject matter that can be learnt in the classroom and applies it to your everyday life. Students are motivated to connect the content of knowledge to the application. This is especially important in mathematics, because students often feel that they do not need math skills other than basic addition, subtraction, etc. When shown to them how they will use their skills in the everyday life, they are more likely to learn and be excited about learning it. Another view on the matter states that contextual teaching in mathematics needs a purpose of instruction such as application to daily lives and interactions. Lessons in contextual teaching should include meaningful contexts that help to create foundational knowledge for future reference. This type of teaching should actively engage students in the learning process, involving students in experiments with a wide range of content and ideas, being as creative as possible. Students should also be able to transfer what they have learned to real-world contexts when learning under contextual teaching in mathematics. Lastly, this study is to be complemented by the five (5) tips to help make the mathematics instruction more exciting, interesting, attractive, and hopefully effective by Lidstone (2004): 1) Help students  find real-life connections within each objective. Math is everywhere in  our everyday  life. Helping students to see how  a math concept  can  help them on a daily basis, or how it  is relevant to real-life often makes them more  receptive to the lesson. This may consider doing something as easy as incorporating names and interests in story problems being created; 2) Incorporate math games. Math games are a very effective way to make learning fun for students. Sometimes when students are playing an educational game the aren’t even aware they are learning, not to mention games typically involve cooperative learning, which students love. It must be sure the objective of the game coincides with the objective from the math lesson being taught; 3) Use hands-on manipulates and visuals. Pattern blocks, geoboards, number lines, dry erase boards and markers, teddy bear counters–these are all a math teacher’s best friends, and students love them as well. It is suggested to use a variety of manipulates and visuals to maximize student interest while giving them something more concrete to work with; 4) Try exploratory/discovery learning. Present a problem without giving much direction. Let the students figure out what tools they need to solve the problem. Pose  Ã‚  questions like:   What math operation will give you the answer you need? What items in the classroom will help you to reach the answer? Is there a way to check to see if your answer makes sense? Help those students who seem to be struggling individually, but let the other students run with it; and 5) Encourage students to share their thinking and strategies with the class. We all know there is more than one way to solve the same problem. Encouraging students to develop and share their own strategies enhances creativity  and  might even help those who are struggling to understand. Sometimes an explanation from a peer is easier to grasp  and might  help that struggling student to see a problem in a new, and possibly more clear  light. Conceptual Framework The results of this research can provide evidence that the potential for developing entrepreneurial orientation and promoting the abilities needed for a free and self-determined career has not been exhausted by any means. This will prove and show that the education process can have a considerable influence on entrepreneurial orientation, and that the Philippines’ call for the promotion of entrepreneurial spirit can be fulfilled in the sphere of education. Through the spirit of creative education – both learning and teaching creatively can lead to recognize and develop creative talent in students of all ages. These determined individuals are the hopes of the nation and can greatly build our future and can bring significant impact to humanity. It is undisputable that our countrys success lies in the hands of every Filipino citizen. Each one of us can contribute positive change to our nation. Likewise, we believed that everybody plays an important role to achieve owns countrys prosperity, from the child to the elders, from the peasant to the rich people, and from an ordinary mind to intelligent one. An avenue for being such is the adaptation of teaching techniques which can influence entrepreneurial orientation as well as inclinations which can ignite to start up a new business, can indeed be influenced considerably with potential targeted influences at the personality level, in the education process, and in the pupils immediate and general environment. The impact of entrepreneurial approach in teaching mathematics education will expectedly recognize as one of the crucial factors that will help youths to understand and foster an attitude toward entrepreneurship (Walstad, 2001). The attitude and knowledge of entrepreneurship will likely to shape their inclination to start their own business in the future (Wang Wong, 2004). It is timely to understand how to develop and nurture potential entrepreneurs while they are still students in school. In order to gain clearer understanding on the schematic diagram of the study, the researcher will consider the independent, dependent, and output conceptual model as shown in Figure 1, which will outline to the direction of the study. The independent variables include the entrepreneurial approach in teaching mathematics which involves the control group to be conducted the pre-test and the experimental group which is intended for the post-test. On the other hand, an intervening variables are presented which believe the factors than can affect the teaching and learning of mathematics through the aforesaid approach, which include the teachers’ and student’s profile. The former profile include age, educational qualification, and in-service trainings attended while the latter profile include age, gender, parents’ educational attainment, and family income. The dependent variables include the mathematics achievement of the Grade VI pupils, and the expected output is the implications in teaching mathematics using the contextual techniques. Statement of the Problem The main thrust of this study was to determine the effects of entrepreneurial approach in mathematics in teaching and learning process. It also aimed to let the students internalize and realize that there are some teaching approaches and techniques in acquiring knowledge of mathematics and to generalize the implications to their lives by the use of such approach, technique or strategy in learning numbers. Specifically, this study aimed to answer the following questions: 1. What is the socio-economic profile of the Grade VI pupils in Sultan Palao Ali Elementary School and Tagoloan Elementary School in terms of: 1. 1 age; 1. 2 gender; 1. 3 parents’ educational attainment; and 1. 4 monthly family income? 2. What is the achievement level of the control and experimental groups based on the posttest results of the Grade VI pupils in the Sultan Palao Ali Elementary School and Tagoloan Elementary School? 3. Is there a significant difference on the achievement level of the Grade VI pupils between the control and experimental group? . Is there a significant relationship between the achievement level of the Grade VI pupils and their demographic profile? 5. What implications in teaching mathematics using the contextual technique can be drawn based from the results of the study? Hypotheses Hypotheses in null form were formulated and tested empirically at 0. 05 level of significance. Ho1: Th ere is no significant difference on the achievement level of the Grade VI pupils between the control and experimental group. Ho2: . There is no significant relationship between the achievement level of the Grade VI pupils and their demographic profile. Significance This study will benefit the following : Curriculum Planners. This study will open their minds to support the educational goals of the Basic Education in the country when planning seminars or conferences toward the improvement of mathematics teaching and then making recommendations on the role of teachers, parents, and pupils in relation to strategies and approaches in acquiring knowledge in mathematics. School Administrators. They play a significant role in the entrepreneurial approach in teaching of mathematics. They must provide support to teachers – pedagogical, technical, financial, etc. As it is essential for teachers to meet and plan, some release time for teachers would be ideal. It also is their responsibility to communicate with parents so that these parents are not uninformed and misinformed. Lastly, as the leader, they have the authority to involve and encourage the whole school. Guidance Counselors. They certainly can offer suggestions and ideas based their own background on how they use mathematics in their own lives and jobs or how they solve a mathematics problem. They are the persons who can give pieces of advice and serve as allies and willing participants in the mathematics learneing of the children. Community. This study will to create a culture of healing with the capacity to help its members to gradually, but effectively, recover from the damages of protracted conflict affecting themselves, their families, and community members. This will also be the basis of their increasing awareness of the importance of an informed citizen in the communication and exchange of ideas about peace processes. Mathematics Teachers. This study will serve as basis in informing the learners on their tasks as instrument in imparting knowledge about peace education. This study will also be a worthwhile reference and source of information in peace education framework for the community. Parents. The results of the study will serve as information on the vital role of the of the parents as they are valuable resources for the classrooms. They certainly can offer suggestions and ideas based their own background on how they use mathematics in their own lives and jobs or how they solve a mathematics problem. Pupils. The result of this study will help them understand the essential roles of teachers and pupils in acquiring knowledge in mathematics as integrated in the curriculum. Future researchers. This study can serve as basis and benchmark for further similar studies to be undertaken along the line of entrepreneurial approaches in teaching mathematics. Scope and Limitations The locale of the study was focused in the three (3) complete elementary schools in Tagoloan District, Tagoloan, Lanao del Norte. These schools are: Sultan Palao Ali Elementary School, Tagoloan Elementary School, Kiasar Elementary School during the school year, 2011-2012. There are two (2) groups of respondents in this study, the Grade VI pupils and the mathematics teachers from the three (3) select elementary schools in Tagoloan District, Lanao del Norte. Moreover, for accessibility, familiarity, and security aspects of the researcher during the conduct of the study were the reasons why she chose Tagoloan District, Lanao del Norte as her locale of the study. From the three (3) complete elementary schools, the researcher utilized Kiasar Elementary School as the chosen school for the conduct of the validation of the researcher’s made questionnaire. Said sets of questionnaire were distributed to the 25 Grade VI pupils in the aforesaid school for the purpose of validation as a requirement in conducting research using the non-standardized questionnaire. The remaining two (2) complete elementary schools were automatically the chosen schools for the conduct control/traditional and experimental/entrepreneurial groups of respondents. The contents of the questionnaire for the pupils were focused only to business mathematics topics, like: percentages, simple interest, principal rate and time, estimating products of whole numbers and decimals, solving word problems in commission, rate of commission, total sales, total income, simple interest, rate and time. The study was conducted during the second semester of the academic year 2011-2012. It also involved in the scope and limitations of this study the independent, dependent, intervening variables, and output strategies, which were clearly emphasized in the conceptual framework. Definition of Terms For better understanding of the discussion in the succeeding chapters, the key concepts are defined conceptually or operationally: Anchored Instruction. This term refers to the major paradigm for technology-based learning that has been developed by the Cognition Technology Group at Vanderbilt (CTGV) under the leadership of John Bransford. The initial focus of the work was on the development of interactive videodisc tools that encourage students and teachers to pose and solve complex, realistic problems. The video materials serve as anchors (macro-contexts) for all subsequent learning and instruction. The primary application of anchored instruction has been to elementary reading, language arts and mathematics skills. (Bransford Stein 2003). Change and Innovation. In this study, this terms simply means the willingness of a concerned person to look at what perspectives are to be adapted and the desires to change for the better. This practice fuels improvement: improved products and features, improved methods, and improved knowledge. This belief is in line with the concept that innovation for betterment brings change. Cognitive Learning. This refers to a powerful mechanism that provides the means of knowledge, and goes well beyond simple imitation of others. This learning illustrates the importance of the acquisition of knowledge and skill by mental or cognitive processes — ;the procedures which are necessary for manipulating information in our heads. Cognitive processes include creating mental representations of physical objects and events, and other forms of information processing. (http://library. thinkquest. org/26618/en-5. 5. 3=cognitive%20learning. htm). Enhanced Mathematics Program. The students in an enhanced mathemetics program will   study the regular mathematics curriculum of their grade level, explore areas of mathematics outside of the regular curriculum, cultivate creative thinking in mathematics, and participate in all mathematics contests at their grade level in order to learn a variety of problem solving techniques (http://bci. rdsb. ca/math/enhanced-mathematics-bluevale). In this study, it provides the most accomplished mathematics students with the opportunity to broaden the scope of their mathematics learning at their grade level, and to provide them with the expanded problem solving opportunities that they might not normally experience in their regular class. Enterprise in Education. Is about taking an enter prising approach to teaching and learning. Enterprise encourages all young people to learn and develop in a way that meets their needs and develops skills for learning, skills for life and skills for work. They need to have the skills and attitudes to cope with an unpredictable future, to be able to deal with setbacks and disappointments in a positive way, and to continue to learn for the rest of their lives. From the earliest age, children have a natural ability to be enterprising and it is important for that ability to be nurtured throughout their education (http://www. ltscotland. org. uk/learningteaching andassessment/learningacrossthecurriculum/themesacrosslearning). Enterprise Learning. Is a kind of learning which is in a constant state of transformation. Where and how a person we learns, the roles and responsibilities of staff, supporting technologies and systems all are continually evolving. On the other hand, the enterprise learning research is designed to help you understand the trends and be prepared for what’s around the bend, the best practices for all areas of learning through industry studies, factbooks, research reports and bulletins, case studies, illustrative models, webinars, videos, and much more. (http://www. bersin. com/Research/Content. aspx? id=114fid=12572). Entrepinoy. In this study, this term refers to a Filipino entrepreneur who organizes and manages any enterprise, esp. a business, usually with considerable initiative and risk. Entrepreneurial Approach in Teaching Mathematics. In this study, this refers to the techniques, strategies, and procedures in learning mathematics in a business related approach. Moreover, this undertaking reflects a growing awareness that entrepreneurship is a process of becoming rather than a state of being (Bygrave, 1989). This also has the aim of internalizing the tolerance of ambiguity and examined as possible traits associated with entrepreneurial behavior. Entrepreneurship. In this study , this term means a â€Å"life skill† to promote the development of entrepreneurial attitudes from primary school right through to university level. It also refers to the factors influence entrepreneurial thinking and attitudes towards vocational and general secondary education. Exploratory/Discovery Learning. This type of learning refers an approach to teaching and training that encourages the learner to explore and experiment to uncover relationships, with much less of a focus on didactic training (teaching students by lecturing them). Exploratory learning does not necessarily mean an unguided or unconstrained learning environment, but does mean that learners may discover unexpected lessons and reach conclusions following various paths. Exploratory learning approaches are considered most appropriate for teaching generalized thinking and problem-solving skills, and may not be the best approach for such things as memorization (http://edutechwiki. unige. ch/en/Exploratory_learning). Humanistic Learning. This concerns the basic concern is for human growth. In this orientation the basic concern is for the human potential for growth. As Mark Tennant notes, the concern with ‘self’ is ‘a hallmark of humanistic psychology. The personal freedom, choice, motivations and feelings had to have their place are considerable factors in this type of learning (Tennant, 1997). Innovative Approaches in Teaching and Learning. As applied in this study, this phrase means the center for Innovative Teaching and Learning (CITL) of mathematics which provides instructional support for instructors from individual consultations to support for high-profile educational initiatives that impact the entire campus. This approach to eaching is designed practically for facilitating the learning of mathematics. Learning Mathematics Pinoy Style. This is a type of learning Mathematics in the heart of Pinoy na Pinoy’s cultural advocacy. It aims to help the youth appreciate their roots and strengthen their pride and love for Filipino culture and heritage. By bringing Pinoy na Pinoy to schools in the Philippines especially in introducing a technique in teaching and learning, hopes to do its part in molding a confident citizenry who carry the burning fire of cultural pride and a stronger sense of Pinoy identity and character (Morales, 2011). Self-efficacy Belief. This refers to the variety of ways: as the belief that one is capable of performing in a certain manner to attain certain goals, as a person’s belief about his/her capabilities to produce designated levels of performance that exercise influence over events that affect lives. This is also a belief that one has the capabilities to execute the courses of actions required to manage prospective situations. Additionally, it builds on personal past experiences of mastery. It is believed that personalized ideas of self-efficacy affect the social interactions in almost every way. Understanding how to foster the development of self-efficacy is a vitally important goal for positive psychology because it can lead to living a more productive and happy life (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Self-efficacy). Social Learning. This term usually refers to observational learning that occurs as a function of observing, retaining and replicating behavior observed in ones environment or other people. Moreover, if being applied as a theory of education, it means that it I an acquisition of social competence happens exclusively or primarily in a social group (Bandura, 1982 ) as cited in by (Morris, 2007).

Cute Birthday Quotes

Cute Birthday Quotes Forgot your best friends birthday? Dont expect to escape unscathed. Perhaps you are thinking about gifting your friend an expensive belated birthday gift. Here is a better idea. Use these cute birthday quotes to make an outstanding birthday card. These cute birthday quotes will melt a touchy heart without being overt. Now, isnt this idea more personalized and yet lighter on your pocket? Benjamin FranklinOne today is worth two tomorrows. Robert FrostA diplomat is a man who always remembers a womans birthday but never remembers her age. Jean Paul RichterOur birthdays are feathers in the broad wing of time. Lucille BallThe secret of staying young is to live honestly, eat slowly, and lie about your age. George HarrisonAll the world is birthday cake, so take a piece, but not too much. Steven WrightI remember when the candle shop burned down.Everyone stood around singing Happy Birthday. Oprah WinfreyThe more you praise and celebrate your life, the more there is in life to celebrate. Menachem Mendel SchneersonBecause time itself is like a spiral, something special happens on your birthday each year: The same energy that God invested in you at birth is present once again. John GlennThere is still no cure for the common birthday. Jonathan Swift May you live all the days of your life. PlautusLet us celebrate the occasion with wine and sweet words. George William CurtisAge is a matter of feeling, not of years. Benjamin FranklinAt 20 years of age the will reigns; at 30 the wit; at 40 the judgment. Johnny CarsonThe worst gift is a fruitcake.There is only one fruitcake in the entire world, and people keep sending it to each other. Robert OrbenThe best birthdays of all are those that havent arrived yet.

Law of Equity and Trusts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Law of Equity and Trusts - Essay Example In 2009, he declared, â€Å"all of my property including our lovely barge home is as much your Lorraine as it is mine†. This takes the form of an oral promise and judging from the fact that it was made on several occasions, Lorraine can establish that it amounts to an interest of some kind in the property (Ungarian v Lesnoff (1990) and Eves v Eves (1975)). Thus, the second step for Lorraine in order to establish her equitable interest in the property would be to prove that she relied upon the promise to her detriment. Lorraine spent a considerable amount of structural repairs and decoration, to the tune of 65000 pounds and contributed half of her salary to maintenance while she was working. This satisfies the additional requirement that the detriment faced must be in relation to the property in question (Gissing and Christian v Christian (1981)). However, the detriment must be in reliance on the promise, and it seems that she spent the money BEFORE the actual promise was made, as the promises came after the birth of the triplets in 2009 and the money was spent much earlier. However, Lorraine also quit her job and was unable to return to it after the birth of the children. This could easily be a detriment that flowed from the promise. Lord Bridge in Lloyds Bank carefully acknowledged the operation of a constructive trust to be used to ‘do justice’ and its presence cannot be willfully denied in this case just because the job was not directly related to the property (a requirement set by Gissing).  

Analyze and review general building design and construction methods Research Paper

Analyze and review general building design and construction methods and explain the types of collapses that may occur. Explain h - Research Paper Example Which review the issues and causes associated to it and then suggest a change in the building design or a recommendation in alteration is building codes. The organization of this paper is done very similar to the steps taken in the production and improvement process of building codes and reviews of field problem, the paper will focus on the following steps, 1. Causes of collapses of buildings 2. General building design and Construction types 3. Progressive Collapse Analysis and Fire-Induced Progressive Collapse 4. Impact and modification of Fire-Induced collapse on Building Codes Causes of collapses of buildings In order to diagnose a problem and its solution we first need to understand that from where the problem starts and initiates and what its causes are. There is a wide range of causes which lead to the collapse of the buildings which include bad design in which the engineers and designer are responsible for erroneous theories, improper choice of materials or misunderstanding of their properties and etc. Then comes the faulty construction as the major cause of collapse, it may occur by weak supervision and corruption of by the contractor, use of inferior quality of steel and other material. Then another cause of failure of the structure is Foundation Failure in which there is liquefaction of soil or excessive settlement which was not forecasted in geotechnical investigation made before construction of the facility. Then unexpected failure modes is also one of the emerging reason of failures of structures, this is due to the fact that we are having a new type of structural system every day, which might be architecturally sound but it is very unstable as a structure and the lack of systems to analyze these systems are not yet developed, so there might be a failure by an unknown reason. Lastly but most important cause of failure is the Extraordinary or accidental Loadings, this has caused more catastrophes more than any other. These loading include the wind l oads, exceptional earthquakes and impact of fire on structures. The codes have been really successful in developing standards and design procedures to cater to the problem such as earth quakes and hurricanes and broad research has been done in these areas, but lesser emphasis were been made on fire loading or fire induced collapse while the formulation of revised codes until the 9/11 event which caused a complete collapse of World Trade centre. Partly the reason for this was that the rare occurrence of fire in structures, even lesser forensic analysis of building and only a very few incidents were reported and recorded. The second major reason for this was that there were only a very few complete collapse of the structures due to fire. The Historical Survey of Multi-Story Building Collapses Due to Fire made by Hughes Associates, Inc , came to a conclusion that (Beitel, 2005) *1,only a data of 22 buildings(appendix 1) which had fire was available, and out of those only 6 buildings wa s higher than 21 stories. The World Trade Center case study made a clear to the world and especially the designer and engineers that fire poses more danger to multistory building and its inhabitants. Due to these facts there is a major change seen in the fire protection of buildings now and NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) has come up with new standards and codes for a better. General Building Design & Construction Types According to National Fire Prot

Transit Point Essay Example for Free

Transit Point Essay Should Merloni replace its network of regional warehouses with Transit-points? In order to be able to answer to this question, we first have to calculate the costs of operating, inventory and transportation from both alternatives (the current system and the transit point) and then compare them. However, as the case doesn’t have complete information to compute these costs, we have to do some assumptions. First, we have to separate the 17 regions in two groups: the Urban regions and the Rural ones. To former this groups we used the criteria of the average daily demand. So, if the region has a daily demand bigger than the average of the 17 regions (99,21= 1686,6/17), it will be included in the Urban regions. Otherwise, it will incorporate the Rural group. After doing this, we will assume that the operating, inventory and Short-Haul Transportation Costs per piece and per month will be the same for each group and will be equal to the ones of the exhibit 10 of the case. Second, in order to calculate the transportation costs between the central warehouse and the retailers, we have to assume that the transit point will be near the location of the Region Warehouses. If so, the costs of transportation until the Transit point will be the same of the long-haul transportation and the costs between the transit point and the retailers would be the same of the Short-Haul transportation Costs. We also have to determine the distances between Fabriano and the Regional Warehouses. In order to do this, we use the map of the exhibit 7 from the case. We know that this distances can not be exactly the real ones (because the roads are not in a straight line), but as we don’t have more information about this on the case, we decide to use the map. Analyzing the exhibits 1, 2 and 3 and assuming that the goal of Merloni is just maximize his value (minimizing its costs) we conclude that there is not only one good system. So, Merloni should use a combination of the two systems. The current system should be used for 6 regions: Bari, Bolzano, Cagliari, Catanzaro, Genova and Udine. In fact, although the operating and inventory costs decrease a lot in the Transit-Point system, the transportation costs increase much more in these regions. This happens because in the Trial-Point system the products should be transported to the regions every day, and sometimes with the trucks almost empty. The Transit Point should be used on the other 11 regions: Angona, Bologna, Catania, Firenze, Milano, Napoli, Padova, Palermo, Pescara, Roma and Torino where the elimination of inventory compensates the increase on the transportation costs. In conclusion, pursuing the goal of minimizing the costs, Merloni should use a mixed distribution system. We will have to consider that the distances between Fabriano Rome and Fabriano Catanzano are, respectively, 210 and 710 km (according to the map’s scale – it is not a real life situation given that roads are not in a straight line).

Big Mikes Perspective in When Heaven and Earth Changed Places :: essays research papers

One of the events that stuck out to me from this book is when Le Ly agrees to have sex with an American soldier for $400, about eighty times what the usual Danang prostitute gets for the same service. The person that I see as responsible for this event is Big Mike, an American MP. Here is his side of the story: I had been dealing with this crap my whole life, whenever somebody needs something they call me, Big Mike. Most of the time it's nice because I can get a tidy profit from my dealings. Sometimes, like today, I end up losing out on more than profits. To start from the beginning, I was working over at the Freedom Mill talking shop with some of the Marines, when these two kids who look to be about my son's age walk up with a colonel. The colonel introduces them as Privates Williams and Jensen, and says they are on their way back Stateside. He also adds that they have had a pretty dreary tour and our looking for something fun before they have to go home to their girlfriends and wives. The colonel looked straight at me when he said that last part and I realized that it was going to be my job to go find some 'bum bum' for these two bums. Wanting to impress the colonel I stepped up with a big cheesy grin on my face, "I think I catch your drift Colonel, sir. Let me take care of these Privates." A few of the surrounding officers laughed at my innuendo, but the two privates just smiled sheepishly to each other. The colonel smiled, agreed, and handed me a wad of bills to pay for their good time. It added up to four hundred dollars, more th an enough for the thirty minutes they had before they had to be on the plane home. I started to leave the hangar with them and walk towards the Hoa Phat bar, which I knew to have a few nice clean girls. As we started walking I noticed a familiar figure with a red bucket standing by the gate. It was Le Ly, a black marketeer that I turned a blind eye to in the past in exchange for choice weed and Chinese jade. Now here was a pretty, clean girl. With the boys only having about twenty-five minutes before they had to board the plane I decided to try and bargain with her. Big Mike's Perspective in When Heaven and Earth Changed Places :: essays research papers One of the events that stuck out to me from this book is when Le Ly agrees to have sex with an American soldier for $400, about eighty times what the usual Danang prostitute gets for the same service. The person that I see as responsible for this event is Big Mike, an American MP. Here is his side of the story: I had been dealing with this crap my whole life, whenever somebody needs something they call me, Big Mike. Most of the time it's nice because I can get a tidy profit from my dealings. Sometimes, like today, I end up losing out on more than profits. To start from the beginning, I was working over at the Freedom Mill talking shop with some of the Marines, when these two kids who look to be about my son's age walk up with a colonel. The colonel introduces them as Privates Williams and Jensen, and says they are on their way back Stateside. He also adds that they have had a pretty dreary tour and our looking for something fun before they have to go home to their girlfriends and wives. The colonel looked straight at me when he said that last part and I realized that it was going to be my job to go find some 'bum bum' for these two bums. Wanting to impress the colonel I stepped up with a big cheesy grin on my face, "I think I catch your drift Colonel, sir. Let me take care of these Privates." A few of the surrounding officers laughed at my innuendo, but the two privates just smiled sheepishly to each other. The colonel smiled, agreed, and handed me a wad of bills to pay for their good time. It added up to four hundred dollars, more th an enough for the thirty minutes they had before they had to be on the plane home. I started to leave the hangar with them and walk towards the Hoa Phat bar, which I knew to have a few nice clean girls. As we started walking I noticed a familiar figure with a red bucket standing by the gate. It was Le Ly, a black marketeer that I turned a blind eye to in the past in exchange for choice weed and Chinese jade. Now here was a pretty, clean girl. With the boys only having about twenty-five minutes before they had to board the plane I decided to try and bargain with her.

Du Pont Case

The Lally School of Management & Technology Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Rev. June 28, 2006 DuPont’s Biomax ®: The Push for Commercial Applications Biomax ®, a polyester material that can be recycled or decomposed, holds up under normal commercial conditions for a time period established in the product specifications.The material itself can be made into fibers, films, or resins and is suitable for countless agricultural, industrial, and consumer products: mulch containers, mulching film, seed mats, plant pots, disposable eating utensils, blister packs, yard waste bags, parts of disposable diapers, blown bottles, injection molded products, coated paper products, and many, many others. In the United State alone, where the average household creates over three tons of disposable waste each year, the number of potential applications for Biomax ® is immense.Its development represents a potentially huge business for DuPont and an important solution to the mounting problem o f solid waste in developed countries. In 1989 at the inception of the project, DuPont executives were pressing research units to find new products with commercial applications. One of these research units had-developed a new â€Å"melt-spun† elastomeric material and was seeking commercial applications through the Success Group, its business development unit. The initial target application was as a substitute for the tapes then used on disposable baby diapers, which at that time used more expensive DuPont Lycra for that purpose.Rather than lose that business, however, the division dropped the price of Lycra. The project had reached its first dead end. A senior research associate of the Success Group, Ray Tietz, had noted the degradable characteristics of this new material. â€Å"One of the problems they had with the fibers we made with this material was that it would disintegrate if you boiled it in water. This was because of the sulphonate in it. I knew that if I made a poly ester with this stuff in it, it would probably hydrolyze quickly. Iit might even be biodegradable. John Moore, the head of the Success Group, was a high energy â€Å"promoter,† as one colleague described him. He was determined to find a customer for whom degradability would be an important benefit-hopefully, a big one. A logical target was Procter & Gamble, a major vendor of disposable diapers. Procter & Gamble first introduced the disposable diaper in 1961 and by 1989 had built it into a huge business. Its success, however, coincided with a period of growing environmental This case was prepared by Mark Rice, Gina O’Connor, Richard Leifer, Christopher McDermott, Lois Peters, and Robert Veryzer, Jr. f the Lally School of Management and Technology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY as a basis for class discussion, and is not designed to present illustrations of either correct or incorrect handling of management problems. All rights reserved  © 2000. To order c opies or request permission to reproduce materials, call 1-518-276-6842 or write Dr. Gina Colarelli O’Connor, Lally School of Management & Technology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, NY 12180.No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, used in a spreadsheet, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the permission of the Lally School of Management & Technology. 1 DuPont’s Biomax ® awareness, and it didn't take long before the millions of used diapers sold by P and it imitators were attracting the attention of activists and regulators. By the 1980s, a growing number of voices were talking about either banning or significantly restricting the use of this class of products.Sensing the public mood and nervous about possible regulations, P was more than willing to listen to Moore's pitch about the new de- gradable material. It even rev ealed its interest in the development of an entirely new material, one that was both degradable, and that didn't have the â€Å"crinkly† feel of plastic or the â€Å"rustling† sound of paper. The diaper that P's people envisioned would be a laminate with a cloth-like feel on the inside and a waterproof film on the outside, and they encouraged DuPont to work on a prototype. Sensing a huge potential market, Moore's people were quick to oblige P. We spent a lot of research effort trying to make a degradable polymer that would be tough enough for the job,† Teitz later recalled. Months of effort produced a new laminated material that Teitz and others in the Success group thought would meet P&G's needs. Time and events, however, combined to work against them. Sensing that political pressure for restrictive regulation was on the wane, and that cost-conscious customers would not pay a premium for biodegradable materials, Procter & Gamble discontinued interest in the mate rial under development by Moore's development unit.From Degradable to Biodegradable The Success Group was now at a dead end. Furthermore, the standards for environmental acceptability were changing, becoming more stringent. Being degradable (i. e. , a substance that would disintegrate) had become passe; the new standard was biodegradability. Further, anything that passed itself off as biodegradable had to disappear in a reasonably short period of time. As of 1991, two years into the project, no one knew for sure whether DuPont's new material would qualify as biodegradable.Given these new conditions, senior management was concerned about John Moore's ability to command the respect of the technical community and decided to assign a new project manager, Ron Rollins. Credibility on the issue of biodegradability would be necessary for market acceptance. Obviously, no one would make a commitment to the new material until DuPont had firm data on its snack food appeal to microbes and on the rate at which it would disappear. Some suspected that the big opportunity with P&G had been missed because of the absence of solid test data.To test the material, which by this time had been registered as Biomax ®, and to assure the credibility of it data, the project recruited a highly respected company scientist on a parttime basis. Henn Kilkson was a DuPont Fellow with experience in biodegradation. His job was to design and implement a system for evaluating the biodegradation of the new material. The choice of Kilkson for this job was deliberate; he was, in fact, DuPont's representative to both an international committee and one formed by the American Society of Testing and Materials to set standards for biodegrabability.Before long, Kilkson's researchers were busily making and composting prototype diapers that incorporated the newly developed laminated material. Using a sludge composting facility in Fair- field, Connecticut as a test bed, researchers tossed the 2 DuPontâ€⠄¢s Biomax ® prototypes into the unsavory mess, and at the end of the composting cycle raked through the remains to observe the number and size of the remaining materials. This exercise determined the rate of disintegration, but never answered the question of biodegradability.Meanwhile, Kilkson found a European company that was actively involved in compost testing. A number of trials with Biomax ® samples were conducted; all indicated a favorable rate of biodegradation. However, Kilkson was not satisfied with the validity of these tests. Researchers also struck up a relationship with the city of Charlotte, North Carolina, which had a program for bagging and composing grass, leaves, and other yard wastes. The Charlotte facility used lots of manpower to empty bags of waste into a huge grinder and then transfer the ground waste to a composting pile.If employees could simply toss these bags into the grinder without having to cut them open and dispose of them separately, program mana gers reasoned that they could save substantially on labor costs. Of course, the ground up remnants of these bags would have to disappear — and quickly. The DuPont people gave the Charlotte facility a supply of net bags made from Biomax ® and enlisted their collaboration in testing biodegradable characteristics. Ideally, all remnants of these bags would be undetectable in less than a year.The bags themselves were made at a DuPont plant in Canada using a process introduced by a research associate in an- other laboratory. Employees in that tab were, like Rollins' people, also searching feverishly for commercially attractive projects that the operating units of the company would support. Results at the Charlotte facility were positive. Not only did the bags decompose quickly, but they degraded biologically as well. The Charlotte experiment gave the Biomax team something to cheer about. The bag-making plant in Canada was also elated; it too was looking for a big market to serve. Things were at last looking up. But real customers willing to write out real purchase orders were still illusory. Meanwhile, Down in the Banana Groves †¦ By 1992, the Ron Rollins' Success group had been disbanded and Biomax ® seemed destined to sit on the shelf—-one of many good ideas developed by DuPont scientists for which no market application could be found. Before this happened, however, the material caught the eye of Terry Fadem, head of the Corporate Development Group. Fadem thought that Biomax ® was worth another try.Even though a real customer had not signed on, the new polymer had two important features: first, no major capital investment would be needed to produce it in commercial quantities; and second, the potential market for a biodegradable alternative to the mountains of synthetic materials piling up in the industrialized world was huge-at least in the abstract. European consumer products companies, Fadem knew, were facing much stricter environmental controls than were their North American counterparts. The â€Å"Greens† were an active political force, particularly in Germany. Perhaps he could get some commitment from a European customer.According to Fadem, â€Å"I was of the opinion that if that didn't work, or if we didn't get some break in the market that was big enough, that we should either put the technology on the shelf or sell it off † So Fadem provided funds to support a small team of people working part time to keep the project alive As luck would have it, a break in favor of 3 DuPont’s Biomax ® Biomax ® appeared, but from a source that neither Fadem nor anyone else would have anticipated: the banana plantations of Costa Rica. Steve Gleich was a senior technical researcher working the DuPont's Research Division for Agricultural Products.A chemical engineer by training, Gleich was experimenting with different packaging systems for controlling the delivery of pesticides. One was by means of a wat er soluble â€Å"bio-disappearing† film, as he later described it. The pesticide was distributed evenly through the film; when the film became wet it disappeared into the soil, leaving the chemical behind. Thus, farm workers could lay lengths of the chemical-laden material over a row of strawberries, for example, and the first watering or rain would lay down a perfectly even and prescribed dose exactly where it was needed. Gleich was aware of the Biomax ® project.He was also familiar with work on biodegradables being conducted by a joint venture company owned by ConAgra and DuPont. One day, another packaging engineer told Gleich, â€Å"If you solve the banana bag problem down in Costa Rica, you'll be a big hero. † Banana bag problem? Gleich had no idea what he meant. So the engineer pulled a low-density polyethylene bag from his drawer. â€Å"They use millions of pounds of this stuff in the banana plantations,† he said. â€Å"They put a bag over every banana bunch. Some are impregnated with pesticides, but most are simply used as little hot-houses to ripen the fruit and protect it from bruises. This bit of information flipped on a switch in Gleich's mind. Millions of pounds of nondegradable polyethylene translated into two things: big revenues for the vendor and a massive waste disposal problem for growers. If a bag material could be designed to disintegrate and biodegrade at the right time, growers could eliminate major labor and waste handling costs. Working with contacts in Fadem's development unit, Gleich arranged to have 50 bags made from Biomax ® and sent down to a sales agent working with Delmonte's banana operation in Costa Rica.These bags were used to cover the fruit in the normal way and were observed over a 3-4 month period. As the bananas were harvested, the bags, now brittle, began to break apart into small strips and fall to the ground, where they could easily be raked up and composted. These first bags, however, turned brittle too soon in the cycle of fruit production, causing some bruising. So the enterprising researcher asked for another batch of bags — slightly heavier and formulated to come apart more readily.This second batch worked much better and Delmonte and its competitors, Dole and Chiquita, were soon expressing interest. They also wanted to explore applications for melons, strawberries, and other fruit. Ironically because of an internal squabble between the field manager and his counterpart at the head office, the field manager refused to install the redesigned banana bags and this application reached a dead-end. About this time Steve Gleich was assigned new duties within his business unit and his involvement in the Biomax ® project waned.The little band of part timers continued seeking applications. Some new potential agricultural applications emerged, but the project was going nowhere fast. Finally, Fadem convinced senior management to provide substantial corporate funding fo r a high profile advertising campaign soliciting inquiries. Approximately thirty serious responses were received. 4 DuPont’s Biomax ® They were deemed sufficiently promising that in 1996 Biomax ® was transferred out of development and into DuPont's polyester resins and intermediates business unit.When Fadem's team contacted the business unit manager to initiate the handoff, the manger asked where the prototype materials had been manufactured. She was surprised when Fadem told her that the prototype production had been done in her manufacturing facilities. Additional applications development work was required before significant production could be undertaken, and hence, even after the transfer, Terry Fadem's team remained involved. A product manager in the business unit was assigned the task of completing the technical and market development for Biomax ®.Unfortunately for the project, he had only just begun the effort when he was promoted. The project was at a standstill for almost a year until a new product manager was assigned and brought up to speed. The second product manager forced his team to assess the thirty plus leads that had been generated by the advertising campaign and to select four on which to focus. As of mid 2000, development of the product and the search for commercial applications continued. The new product manager was convinced that the first significant revenues were just around the corner. 5